Nitrosulfide dyes

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are nitro-sulfide dyes of formula (1), their salts, isomers, hydrates and other solvates, wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , independently from each other are hydrogen; C 1 -C 20 alkyl or C 1 -C 20 alkoxy, which may be substituted by one or more C 1 -C 5 alkoxy, halogen, —NH 2 , mono-C 1 -C 5 alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 5 alkylamino, —NO2 or hydroxy; C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl; —C(O)H; —C(O)—C 1 -C 5 alkyl; —C(O)OH; —C(O)O—C 1 -C 5 alkyl; halogen; NO 2 ; OH; SH; phenyl, which may be substituted by one or more C 1 -C 5 alkyl, C 1 -C 5 alkoxy, halogen, —NH 2 , mono-C 1 -C 5 alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 5 alkylamino, —NO 2  or hydroxy; or a radical of formula (1a) —NR 4 R 5 , wherein R 4  and R 5  independently from each other are hydrogen; C 1 -C 12 alkyl, which may be substituted by one or more C 1 -C 5 alkyl, C 1 -C 5 -alkoxy, hydroxy or —(CO)—H; —(CO)—C 1 -C 5 alkyl; phenyl or phenyl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl, wherein the phenyl moiety may be substituted by one or more C 1 -C 5 alkyl, C 1 -C 5 alkoxy, halogen, —NH 2 , mono-C 1 -C 5 alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 5 alkylamino, —NO 2 , carboxy or hydroxy; or a radical of formula (2); wherein at least one of the radicals R 1 , R 2  or R 3  is NO 2 ; Y 1  is C 1 -C 10 alkylene; C 5 -C 10 cycloalkylene; C 5 -C 10 arylene; or C 5 -C 10 arylene-(C 1 -C 10 alkylene); Z1 is the direct bond; formula (3); or a cationic biradical of a saturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic group; Q 1  is —C(O)—; —C(O)O—; —OCO—; —N(R 6 )—X 2 —; —CON(R 6 )—; —(R 6 )NC(O)—; —O—; —S—; —S(O)—; or —S(O) 2 —; X 1  and X 2  independently from each other are the direct bond; C 1 -C 10 alkylene; C 5 -C 10 cycloalkylene; C 5 -C 10 arylene; or C 5 -C 10 arylene-(C 1 -C 10 alkylene); and R 6 , R 7  and R 8  independently from each other are hydrogen; C 1 -C 14 alkyl; C 2 -C 14 alkenyl; C 6 -C 10 aryl; C 6 -C 10 aryl-C 1 -C 10 alkyl; or C 1 -C 10 alkyl(C 5 -C 10 aryl); m is 1; or 2; U is hydrogen, if m is 1; or the direct bond, if m is 2; with the proviso that the method does not comprise contacting hair with an enzyme of the type of a protein disulfidisomerase (EC 5.3.4.1). Further, the present invention relates to novel sulfide compounds, compositions thereof, especially comprising other dyes, and to processes for their preparation.

The present invention relates to novel nitrosulfide dyes, compositions thereof, to processes for their preparation and to their use for the dyeing of organic materials, such as keratin fibers, wool, leather, silk, cellulose or polyamides, especially keratin-containing fibers, cotton or nylon, and preferably hair, more preferably human hair.

It is known, for example, from WO 95/01772 that cationic dyes can be used for the dyeing of organic material, for example keratin, silk, cellulose or cellulose derivatives, and also synthetic fibers, for example polyamides. Cationic dyes exhibit very brilliant shades. A disadvantage is their unsatisfactory fastness to washing.

The technical problem is to provide dyes that are distinguished by deep dying having good fastness properties with respect to washing, light, shampooing and rubbing.

Accordingly, the present invention relates to a method of dyeing keratin-containing fibers, comprising treating the fiber with at least one nitrosulfide dye of formula

their salts, isomers, hydrates and other solvates, wherein

-   R₁, R₂, R₃, independently from each other are hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl     or C₁-C₂₀alkoxy, which may be substituted by one or more     C₁-C₅alkoxy, halogen, —NH₂, mono-C₁-C₅alkylamino,     di-C₁-C₅alkylamino, —NO₂ or hydroxy; C₃-C₆cycloalkyl; —C(O)H;     —C(O)—C₁-C₅alkyl; —C(O)OH; —C(O)O—C₁-C₅alkyl; halogen; NO₂; OH; SH;     phenyl, which may be substituted by one or more C₁-C₅alkyl,     C₁-C₅alkoxy, halogen, —NH₂, mono-C₁-C₅alkylamino,     di-C₁-C₅alkylamino, —NO₂ or hydroxy; or a radical of formula (1a)     —NR₄R₅, wherein -   R₄ and R₅ independently from each other are hydrogen; C₁-C₁₂alkyl,     which may be substituted by one or more C₁-C₅alkyl, C₁-C₅-alkoxy,     hydroxy or —(CO)—H; —(CO)—C₁-C₅alkyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₄alkyl,     wherein the phenyl moiety may be substituted by one or more     C₁-C₅alkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, halogen, —NH₂, mono-C₁-C₅alkylamino,     di-C₁-C₅alkylamino, —NO₂, carboxy or hydroxy; or a radical of     formula

wherein at least one of the radicals R₁, R₂ or R₃ is NO₂;

-   Y₁ is C₁-C₁₀alkylene; C₅-C₁₀cycloalkylene; C₅-C₁₀arylene; or     C₅-C₁₀arylene-(C₁-C₁₀alkylene); -   Z₁ is the direct bond;

or a cationic biradical of a saturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic group;

-   Q₁ is —C(O)—; —C(O)O—; —OCO—; —N(R₆)—X₂—; —CON(R₆)—; —(R₆)NC(O)—;     —O—; —S—; —S(O)—; or —S(O)₂—; -   X₁ and X₂ independently from each other are the direct bond;     C₁-C₁₀alkylene; C₅-C₁₀cycloalkylene; C₅-C₁₀arylene; or     C₅-C₁₀arylene-(C₁-C₁₀alkylene); and -   R₆, R₇ and R₈ independently from each other are hydrogen;     C₁-C₁₄alkyl; C₂-C₁₄alkenyl; C₆-C₁₀aryl; C₆-C₁₀aryl-C₁-C₁₀alkyl; or     C₁-C₁₀alkyl(C₅-C₁₀aryl); -   m is 1; or 2; -   U is hydrogen, if m is 1; or the direct bond, if m is 2; -   with the proviso that the method does not comprise contacting hair     with an enzyme of the type of a protein disulfidisomerase (EC     5.3.4.1).

Preferably Y₁ is unsubstituted or substituted straight-chain or branched interrupted or uninterrupted C₁-C₁₀alkylene; or C₅-C₁₀cycloalkylene, and most preferably C₁-C₅alkylene.

Compounds of formula (1) are preferably used, wherein

-   R₁, R₂, and R₃, independently from each other are hydrogen;     C₁-C₂₀alkyl; —C(O)H; —C(O)—C₁-C₅alkyl; —C(O)OH; —C(O)O—C₁-C₅alkyl;     NO₂; or a radical of formula (1a) —NR₄R₅, wherein -   R₄ and R₅ independently from each other are hydrogen; or     C₁-C₁₂alkyl, which may be substituted by one or more hydroxy;     —(CO)H; —(CO)—C₁-C₅alkyl; phenyl, which may be substituted by one or     more C₁-C₅alkyl, —NH₂, mono-C₁-C₅alkylamino, di C₁-C₅alkylamino,     —NO₂, carboxy or hydroxy.

Most preferably R₁, R₂ and, R₃, independently from each other are hydrogen; C₁-C₅alkyl; NO₂; or a radical of formula (1a) —NR₄R₅, wherein

-   R₄ and R₅ independently from each other are hydrogen; —(CO)—H;     —(CO)—C₁-C₅alkyl; —C(O)OH; or —C(O)O—C₁-C₅alkyl.

Mostly preferred in the present process are compounds of formula (1), wherein

-   R₁, R₂ and R₃, independently from each other are hydrogen;     C₁-C₅alkyl; NO₂; —NH(CO)—CH₃; or —C(O)OH.

Preferably in the compounds of formula (1)

-   Z₁ is the direct bond; or

wherein

-   R₇ and R₈ are defined as in formula (1).

Preferably in formula (1)

-   m is 2.

Most preferred nitro-sulfide dyes correspond to formula

-   R₁, R₂ and R₃, independently from each other are hydrogen;     C₁-C₅alkyl; —C(O)H; —C(O)—C₁-C₅alkyl; —C(O)OH; —C(O)O—C₁-C₅alkyl;     NO₂; or —NH(CO)—CH₃; -   Y₁ is C₁-C₁₀alkylene; C₅-C₁₀cycloalkylene; C₅-C₁₀arylene; or     C₅-C₁₀arylene-(C₁-C₁₀alkylene); -   X is the direct bond; or C₁-C₅alkylene; -   Z₁ is the direct bond; or

and

-   R₇ and R₈ each independently from each other are hydrogen;     C₁-C₁₄alkyl; C₂-C₁₄alkenyl; C₆-C₁₀aryl; C₆-C₁₀aryl-C₁-C₁₀alkyl; or     C₁-C₁₀alkyl(C₅-C₁₀aryl).

In formula (2) preferably

-   R₁, R₂ and R₃ independently from each other are hydrogen; NO₂; NH₂;     carboxy; —C(O)OH; or —NH(CO)—CH₃; -   Y₁ is C₁-C₅alkylene; -   Z₁ is the direct bond; or

and

-   R₇ and R₈ each independently from each other are hydrogen; or     C₁-C₁₄alkyl.

The nitro-sulfide dyes used in the present invention are derived form nitro-dyes, ie. the phenyl moieties

correspond to nitro dyes well known in the literature, for example the following nitro dyes listed in the table below:

R_(a) R_(b) R_(c) R_(d) R_(e) R_(f) —O—CH₃ —NHCH₂CH₂OH —NO₂ —NH₂ —NHCH₂CH₂OH —NO₂ —NHCH₂CH(OH)CH₂OH NO₂ —CF₃ —NHCH₂CH₂OH NO₂ Cl —N(CH₂CH₂OH)₂ —NO₂ —NO₂ —NH₂ —NHCH₂CH(OH)CH₂OH —NO₂

Cl —NH₂ NO₂ —NHCH₂CH₂OH NO₂ NH₂ —NHCH₂CH₂OH NO₂ NH₂ —NO₂

—NHCH₂CH₂NH₂ NO₂ —OCH₂CH₂OH —NHCH₂CH₂OH NO₂ —OCH₂CH(OH)OH —NHCH₂CH₂OH —CH₃ —NH₂ NO₂ —NH(CH₂)₃OH —NO₂ —N(CH₂)₂OH —NH(CH₂)₂OH —NO₂ —N(CH₂CH₂OH)₂

—NO₂ —NO₂ —NHCH₃ —NHCH₂CH(OH)CH₂OH NO₂

—NHCH₂CH(OH)CH₂OH NO₂

—NH(CH₂)₂OH NO₂

Alkylene is generally C₁-C₁₀alkylene, for example methylene, ethylene, propylene, isopropylene, n-butylene, sec-butylene, tert-butylene, n-pentylene, 2-pentylene 3-pentylene, 2,2′-dimethylpropylene, cyclopentylene, cyclohexylene, n-hexylene, n-octylene, 1,1′,3,3′-tetramethylbutylene, 2-ethylhexylene, nonylene or decylene.

Alkylene may be straight-chain, branched, or, from C₅alkyl upwards, monocyclic or polycyclic, and may be interrupted by hetero atoms, such as such as O, S, —CO—, N, NH, NR₅₄, —OCO—, —CO(OR₄)—, —CONR₄—, —(R₅)NC(O)—; for example C₁-C₁₀alkylene may be a residue such as: —CH₂CH₂—O—CH₂CH₂—O—CH₂CH₂—, or —CH₂CH₂—O—CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—O—CH₂—, —CH₂—O—CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—CH₂CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—CH(N(CH₃)₂)—CH₂—CH₂—, CH₂—NH₂—CH₂—CH₂, or —CH₂CH₂—NH—CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—NCH₃—CH₂CH₂—, or —CO—CH₂—, or —CH₂CO—, or —CH₂CH₂—NHCO—CH₂CH₂—, or —CH₂CH₂—CONH—CH₃—CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—NCH₃CO—CH₂CH₂—, or —CH₂CH₂—CONCH₃—CH₃—CH₂CH₂—, or —CH₂—NHCO—CH₂CH₂—, or —CH₂CH₂—NHCO—CH₂—, or —CH₂CH₂—CONH—CH₂— or —CH₂—CONH—CH₂CH₂—.

Arylene is generally C₆-C₁₀arylene; for example phenyl or naphthyl;

Aryl-alkylene is for example C₅-C₁₀aryl-C₁-C₁₀alkylene, C₆-C₁₀aryl-C₁-C₂alkylene, alkyl-arylene is for example C₁-C₁₀alkyl-C₅-C₁₀arylene or C₁-C₂alkyl-C₆-C₁₀arylene.

C₅-C₁₀cycloalkylene is for example cyclopentylene, cyclohexylene, morpholylene or piperidinylene.

C₁-C₁₆alkyl is for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2,2′-dimethylpropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, 1,1′,3,3′-tetramethylbutyl or 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, undecy, dodecyl, tredecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl or hexadecyl.

C₁-C₆alkoxy is preferably methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy or pentyloxy.

C₅-C₁₀aryl-C₁-C₁₀alkylene is, for example, phenyl-C₁-C₁₀alkylene or naphthyl-C₁-C₁₀alkylene.

Halide is, for example, fluoride, chloride, bromide or iodide, especially chloride and fluoride.

“Anion” denotes, for example, an organic or inorganic anion, such as halide, preferably chloride and fluoride, sulfate, hydrogen sulfate, phosphate, boron tetrafluoride, carbonate, bicarbonate, oxalate or C₁-C₈alkyl sulfate, especially methyl sulfate or ethyl sulfate; anion also denotes lactate, formiate, acetate, propionate or a complex anion, such as the zinc chloride double salt.

The anion is especially a halide, preferably chloride or fluoride, sulfate, hydrogen sulfate, methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate, phosphate, formiate, acetate or lactate.

The anion is more especially fluoride, chloride, methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate, formiate or acetate.

A biradical or radical of a heterocyclic compound is for example a biradical or radical of thiophenyl, 1,3-thiazolyl, 1,2-thiazolyl, 1,3-benzothiazolyl, 2,3-benzothiazolyl, imidazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,5-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-triazolyl, pyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, pyridinyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl and isoxazolyl.

Preferred biradical or radical of a heterocyclic compound is for example 1,3-thiazolyl, 1,2-thiazolyl, 1,3-benzothiazolyl, 2,3-benzothiazolyl, imidazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,5-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-triazolyl, pyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, pyridinyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl and isoxazolyl. More preferred cationic heterocyclic compounds are imidazolyl, pyridinyl, 1,3,4-triazolyl and 1,3-thiazolyl.

In the present invention a biradical or radical of an aromatic compound is for example phenyl, naphthyl, thiophenyl, 1,3-thiazolyl, 1,2-thiazolyl, 1,3-benzothiazolyl, 2,3-benzothiazolyl, imidazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,5-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-triazolyl, pyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, pyridinyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl and isoxazolyl, aminodiphenyl, aminodiphenylether or azobenzenyl.

The biradical or radical of a heterocyclic or aromatic compound is unsubstituted or mono- or poly-substituted, for example by C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy, C₁-C₄alkylthio, halogen, e.g. fluorine, bromine or chlorine, nitro, trifluoromethyl, CN, SCN, C₁-C₄alkylsulfonyl, phenylsulfonyl, benzylsulfonyl, di-C₁-C₄alkylaminosulfonyl, C₁-C₄alkyl-carbonylamino, C₁-C₄alkoxysulfonyl or by di-(hydroxy-C₁-C₄alkyl)-aminosulfonyl.

The dyes used for the process of the present invention corresponding to formula

-   R₁, R₂, R₃, independently from each other are hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl     or C₁-C₂₀alkoxy, which may be substituted by one or more     C₁-C₅alkoxy, halogen, —NH₂, mono-C₁-C₅alkylamino,     di-C₁-C₅alkylamino, —NO₂ or hydroxy; C₃-C₆cycloalkyl; —C(O)H;     —C(O)—C₁-C₅alkyl; —C(O)OH; —C(O)O—C₁-C₅alkyl; halogen; NO₂; OH; SH;     phenyl, which may be substituted by one or more C₁-C₅alkyl,     C₁-C₅alkoxy, halogen, —NH₂, mono-C₁-C₅alkylamino,     di-C₁-C₅alkylamino, —NO₂ or hydroxy; or a radical of formula (1a)     —NR₄R₅, wherein -   R₄ and R₅ independently from each other are hydrogen; C₁-C₁₂alkyl,     which may be substituted by one or more C₁-C₅alkyl, C₁-C₅-alkoxy,     hydroxy or —(CO)—H; —(CO)—C₁-C₅alkyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₄alkyl,     wherein the phenyl moiety may be substituted by one or more     C₁-C₅alkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, halogen, —NH₂, mono-C₁-C₅alkylamino,     di-C₁-C₅alkylamino, —NO₂, carboxy or hydroxy; or a radical of     formula

wherein at least one of the radicals R₁, R₂ or R₃ is NO₂;

-   Y₁ is C₁-C₁₀alkylene; C₅-C₁₀cycloalkylene; C₅-C₁₀arylene; or     C₅-C₁₀arylene-(C₁-C₁₀alkylene); -   Z₁ is the direct bond;

or a cationic biradical of a saturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic group;

-   Q₁ is —C(O)—; —C(O)O—; —OCO—; —N(R₆)—X₂—; —CON(R₆)—; —(R₆)NC(O)—;     —O—; —S—; —S(O)—; or —S(O)₂—; -   X₁ and X₂ independently from each other are the direct bond;     C₁-C₁₀alkylene; C₅-C₁₀cycloalkylene; C₅-C₁₀arylene; or     C₅-C₁₀arylene-(C₁-C₁₀alkylene); and -   R₆, R₇ and R₈ independently from each other are hydrogen;     C₁-C₁₄alkyl; C₂-C₁₄alkenyl; C₆-C₁₀aryl; C₆-C₁₀aryl-C₁-C₁₀alkyl; or     C₁-C₁₀alkyl(C₅-C₁₀aryl); -   m is 1; or 2; -   U is hydrogen, if m is 1; or the direct bond, if m is 2;     are novel.

They are a further object of the present invention.

A further embodiment of the present invention relates to processes for the preparation of the dyes of formula (1).

The reaction is generally initiated by mixing together the starting compounds or by dropwise addition of one starting compound to the other.

Customary, the temperature is in the range of 273 to 300 K, preferably 290 to 300 K during the mixing of the starting compounds.

The reaction time is generally dependent on the reactivity of the starting compounds, on the selected reaction temperature and on the desired conversion. The selected reaction time is usually in the range from one hour to three days.

The reaction temperature is preferably from 273 to 340K, especially from 273 to 335K.

The selected reaction pressure is generally from 70 kPa to 10 MPa, especially from 90 kPa to 5 MPa, and more especially atmospheric pressure.

It may by desirable to carry out the reaction in the presence of a catalyst.

The molar ratio of compound of formula (1a) to the catalyst is generally selected in the range from 10:1 to 1:5, especially in the range from 10:1 to 1:1.

Suitable catalysts are for example an alkali metal C₁-C₆alkyloxide, such as sodium-, potassium or lithium C₁-C₆alkyloxide, preferably sodium methoxide, potassium methoxide or lithium methoxide, or sodium ethoxide, potassium ethoxide or lithium ethoxide; or tertiary amines, for example, such as chinuclidine, N-methylpiperidine, pyridine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, trioctylamine, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octan, chinuclidine, N-methylpiperidine; or alkalimetal acetate, for example such as sodium acetate, potassium acetate, or lithium acetate.

Preferred are potassium acetate, sodium methoxide, pyridine and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]-octan.

In addition, the reaction may be carried out with or without a solvent, but is preferably carried out in the presence of a solvent, preferably organic solvents or solvent mixtures.

Solvents are organic solvents and water, or a mixture of organic solvents or a mixture of organic solvents and water.

Organic solvents are for example, protic or aprotic polar organic solvents, such as alcohols, for example methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, butanol or glycols, especially isopropanol, or nitrile, such as acetonitrile or propionitrile, or amide, such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide or N-methylpyridine, N-methylpyrolidon, or sulfoxide, such as dimethylsulfoxide, or mixtures thereof.

The product prepared according to the process of the present invention may be advantageously worked up and isolated, and if desired be purified.

Customary, the work up starts by decreasing the temperature of the reaction mixture in the range from 280 to 300 K, especially in the range from 290 to 300 K.

It may be advantageous to decrease the temperature slowly, i.e. over a period of several hours.

Generally, the reaction product is filtered off and then washed with water or a salt solution and subsequently dried.

Filtration is normally carried out in a standard filtering equipment, for example Büchner funnels, filter presses, pressurised suction filters, preferably in vacuo.

The temperature for the drying is dependent on the applied pressure. Drying is usually carried out in vacuo at 50-200 mbar.

The drying is usually carried out at a temperature in the range from 313 to 363 K, especially from 323 to 353 K, and more especially in the range from 328 to 348 K.

Advantageously the product is purified by recrystallisation after isolation.

Organic solvents and solvent mixtures are suitable for the recrystallisation, preferably alcohols, for example methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol or butanol, especially 2-propanol.

The dyes of formula (1) according to the invention are suitable for dyeing organic materials, such as keratin-containing fibers, wool, leather, silk, cellulose or polyamides, cotton or nylon, and preferably human hair. The dyeings obtained are distinguished by their depth of shade and their good fastness properties to washing, such as, for example, fastness to light, shampooing and rubbing. The stability, in particular the storage stability of the dyes according to the invention are excellent.

Generally, hair dyeing agents on a synthetic base may be classified into three groups:

-   -   temporary dyeing agents     -   semipermanent dyeing agents, and     -   permanent dyeing agents.

The multiplicity of shades of the dyes can be increased by combination with other dyes.

Therefore the dyes of formula (1) of the present invention may be combined with dyes of the same or other classes of dyes, especially with direct dyes, oxidation dyes; dye precursor combinations of a coupler compound as well as a diazotized compound, or a capped diazotized compound; and/or cationic reactive dyes.

Direct dyes are of natural origin or may be prepared synthetically. They are uncharged, cationic or anionic, such as acid dyes.

The dyes of formula (1) may be used in combination with at least one single direct dye different from the dyes of formula (1).

Direct dyes do not require any addition of an oxidizing agent to develop their dyeing effect.

Accordingly the dyeing results are less permanent than those obtained with permanent dyeing compositions. Direct dyes are therefore preferably used for semipermanent hair dyeings.

Examples of direct dyes are described in “Dermatology”, edited by Ch. Culnan, H. Maibach, Verlag Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, Basle, 1986, Vol. 7, Ch. Zviak, The Science of Hair Care, chapter 7, p. 248-250, and in “Europäisches Inventar der Kosmetikrohstoffe”, 1996, published by The European Commission, obtainable in diskette form from the Bundesverband der deutschen Industrie-und Handelsunternehmen für Arzneimittel, Reformwaren und Körperpflegemittel e.V., Mannheim.

More preferred direct dyes which are useful for the combination with at least one single dye of formula (1), especially for semipermanent dyeing, are: 2-amino-3-nitrophenol, 2-amino-4-hydroxyethylamino-anisole sulfate, 2-amino-6-chloro-4-nitrophenol, 2-chloro-5-nitro-N-hydroxyethylene-p-phenylendiamine, 2-hydroxyethyl-picramic acid, 2,6-diamino-3-((pyridine-3yl)-azo)pyridine, 2-nitro-5-glyceryl-methylaniline, 3-methylamino-4-nitro-phenoxyethanol, 4-amino-2-nitrodiphenyleneamine-2′-carboxilic acid, 6-nitro-1,2,3,4,-tetrahydroquinoxaline, 4-N-ethyl-1,4-bis(2′-hydroxyethylamino-2-nitrobenzene hydrochloride, 1-methyl-3-nitro-4-(2′-hydroxyethyl)-aminobenzene, 3-nitro-p-hydroxyethyl-aminophenol, 4-amino-3-nitrophenol, 4-hydroxypropylamine-3-nitrophenol, hydroxyanthrylaminopropylmethyl morphlino methosulfate, 4-nitrophenyl-aminoethylurea, 6-nitro-p-toluidine, Acid Blue 62, Acid Blue 9, Acid Red 35, Acid Red 87 (Eosin), Acid Violet 43, Acid Yellow 1, Basic Blue 3, Basic Blue 6, Basic Blue 7, Basic Blue 9, Basic Blue 12, Basic Blue 26, Basic Blue 99, Basic Brown 16, Basic Brown 17, Basic Red 2, Basic Red 22, Basic Red 76, Basic Violet 14, Basic Yellow 57, Basic Yellow 9, Disperse Blue 3, Disperse Orange 3, Disperse Red 17, Disperse Violet 1, Disperse Violet 4, Disperse Black 9, Fast Green FCF, HC Blue 2, HC Blue 7, HC Blue 8, HC Blue 12, HC Orange 1, HC Orange 2, HC Red 1, HC Red 10-11, HC Red 13, HC Red 16, HC Red 3, HC Red BN, HC Red 7, HC Violet 1, HC Violet 2, HC Yellow 2, HC Yellow 5, HC Yellow 5, HC Yellow 6, HC Yellow 7, HC Yellow 9, HC Yellow 12, HC Red 8, hydroxyethyl-2-nitro-p-toluidine, N,N-Bis-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-nitro-p-phenylendiamine, HC Violet BS, Picramic Acid, Solvent Green 7.

Furthermore, the dyes of formula (1) may be combined with at least one cationic azo dye, for example the compounds disclosed in GB-A-2 319 776 as well as the oxazine dyes described in DE-A-299 12 327 and mixtures thereof with the other direct dyes mentioned therein, and even more preferred with cationic dyes such as Basic Yellow 87, Basic Orange 31 or Basic Red 51, or with cationic dyes as described in WO 01/66646, especially example 4, or with cationic dyes as described in WO 02/31056, especially example 6 (compound of formula 106); or the cationic dye of formula (3) as described in EP-A-714,954, or with a yellow cationic dye of formula

-   R₁ and R₂ are each independently of the other a C₁-C₈alkyl; or an     unsubstituted or substituted benzyl; -   R₃ is hydrogen; C₁-C₈alkyl; C₁-C₈alkoxy; cyanide; or halide;     preferably hydrogen; and -   X⁻ is an anion; and preferably a compound of formula (DD1), wherein -   R₁ is methyl; R₂ is benzyl; R₃ is hydrogen; and X⁻ is an anion; or     wherein -   R₁ is benzyl; R₂ is benzyl; R₃ is hydrogen; and X⁻ is an anion; or     wherein -   R₁ is benzyl; R₂ is methyl; R₃ is hydrogen; and X⁻ is an anion.

Furthermore, cationic nitroaniline and anthraquinone dyes are useful for a combination with a dye of formula (1), for example the dyes as described in the following patent specifications: U.S. Pat. No. 5,298,029, especially in col 2, l. 33 to col 5, l. 38; U.S. Pat. No. 5,360,930, especially in col 2, l. 38 to col 5, l. 49; U.S. Pat. No. 5,169,403, especially in col 2, l. 30 to col 5, l. 38; U.S. Pat. No. 5,256,823, especially in col 4, l. 23 to col 5, l. 15; U.S. Pat. No. 5,135,543, especially in col 4, l. 24 to col 5, l. 16; EP-A-818 193, especially on p. 2, l. 40 to p. 3, l. 26; U.S. Pat. No. 5,486,629, especially in col 2, l. 34 to col 5, l. 29; and EP-A-758 547, especially on p. 7, l. 48 to p. 8, l. 19.

The dyes of formula (1) may also be combined with acid dyes, for example the dyes which are known from the international names (Color index), or trade names.

Preferred acid dyes which are useful for the combination with a dye of formula (1) are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,248,314. They include Red Color No. 120, Yellow Color No. 4, Yellow Color No. 5, Red Color No. 201, Red Color No. 227, Orange Color No. 205, Brown Color No. 201, Red Color No. 502, Red Color No. 503, Red Color No. 504, Red Color No. 506, Orange Color No. 402, Yellow Color No. 402, Yellow Color No. 406, Yellow Color No. 407, Red Color No. 213, Red Color No. 214, Red Color No. 3, Red Color No. 104, Red Color No. 105(1), Red Color No. 106, Green Color No. 2, Green Color No. 3, Orange Color No. 207, Yellow Color No. 202(1), Yellow Color No. 202(2), Blue Color No. 202, Blue Color No. 203, Blue Color No. 205, Blue Color No. 2, Yellow Color No. 203, Blue Color No. 201, Green Color No. 201, Blue Color NO. 1, Red Color No. 230(1), Red Color No. 231, Red Color No. 232, Green Color No. 204, Green Color No. 205, Red Color No. 401, Yellow Color No. 403(1), Green Color No. 401, Green Color No. 402, Black Color No. 401 and Purple Color No. 401, especially Black Color No. 401, Purple Color 401, Orange Color No. 205.

These acid dyes may be used either as single component or in any combination thereof.

Hair dye compositions comprising an acid dye are known. They are for example described in “Dermatology”, edited by Ch. Culnan, H. Maibach, Verlag Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, Basle, 1986, Vol. 7, Ch. Zviak, The Science of Hair Care, chapter 7, p. 248-250, especially on p. 253 and 254.

Hair dye compositions which comprise an acid dye have a pH of 2-6, preferably 2-5, more preferably 2.5-4.0.

The dyes of formula (1) according to the present invention may also readily be used in combination with acid dyes and/or adjuvants, for example

-   -   acid dyes and an alkylene carbonate, as described in U.S. Pat.         No. 6,248,314, especially in examples 1 and 2;     -   acid hair dye compositions comprising various kinds of organic         solvents represented by benzyl alcohol as a penetrant solvent         have good penetrability into hair, as described in Japanese         Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 210023/1986 and 101841/1995;     -   acid hair dye compositions with a water-soluble polymer or the         like to prevent the drooping of the hair dye composition, as         described for example in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open         Nos. 87450/1998, 255540/1997 and 245348/1996;     -   acid hair dye compositions with a water-soluble polymer of         aromatic alcohols, lower alkylene carbonates, or the like as         described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.         53970/1998 and Japanese Patent Invention No. 23911/1973.

The dyes of formula (1) may also be combined with uncharged dyes, for example selected from the group of the nitroanilines, nitrophenylenediamines, nitroaminophenols, anthraquinones, indophenols, phenazines, phenothiazines, bispyrazolons, bispyrazol aza derivatives and methines.

Furthermore, the dyes of formula (1) may also be used in combination with oxidation dye systems.

Oxidation dyes, which, in the initial state, are not dyes but dye precursors are classified according to their chemical properties into developer and coupler compounds.

Suitable oxidation dyes are described for example in

-   -   DE 19 959 479, especially in col 2, l. 6 to col 3, l. 11;     -   “Dermatology”, edited by Ch. Culnan, H. Maibach, Verlag Marcel         Dekker Inc., New York, Basle, 1986, Vol. 7, Ch. Zviak, The         Science of Hair Care, chapter 8, on p. 264-267 (oxidation dyes);

Preferred developer compounds are for example primary aromatic amines, which are substituted in the para- or ortho-position with a substituted or unsubstituted hydroxy- or amino residue, or diaminopyridine derivatives, heterocyclic hydrazones, 4-aminopyrazol derivatives, 2,4,5,6-tetraminopyrimidine derivatives, or unsaturated aldehydes as described in DE 19 717 224, especially on p. 2, l. 50 to l. 66 and on p. 3 l. 8 to l. 12, or cationic developer compounds as described in WO 00/43367, especially on p., 2 l. 27 to p. 8, l. 24, in particular on p. 9, l. 22 to p. 11, l. 6.

Furthermore, developer compounds in their physiological compatible acid addition salt form, such as hydrochloride or sulfate can be used. Developer compounds, which have aromatic OH radicals are also suitable in their salt form together with a base, such as alkali metal-phenolates.

Preferred developer compounds are disclosed in DE 19959479, p. 2, l. 8-29.

More preferred developer compounds are p-phenylendiamine, p-toluoylendiamine, p-, m- o-aminophenol, N,N-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-p-phenylenediamine sulfate, 2-amino-4-hydroxyethylaminoanisole sulfate, hydroxyethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyaniline, 1-(2′-hydroxyethyl)-2,5-diaminobenzene, 2,6-dimethoxy-3,5-diamino-pyridine, hydroxypropyl-bis-(N-hydroxyethyl-p-phenylenediamine) hydrochloride, hydroxyethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulfate, 4-amino-3-methylphenol, 4-methylaminophenol sulfate, 2-aminomethyl-4-aminophenol, 4,5-diamino-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-pyrazol, 4-amino-m-cresol, 6-amino-m-cresol, 5-amino-6-chloro-cresol, 2,4,5,6-tetraminopyrimidine, 2-hydroxy-4,5,6-triaminopyrimidine or 4-hydroxy-2,5,6-triaminopyrimidine sulfate.

Preferred coupler compounds are m-phenylendiamine derivatives, naphthole, resorcine and resorcine derivatives, pyrazolone and m-aminophenol derivatives, and most preferably the coupler compounds disclosed in DE 19959479, p. 1, l. 33 to p. 3, l. 11.

The dyes of formula (1) may also be used together with unsaturated aldehydes as disclosed in DE 19 717 224 (p. 2, l. 50 to l. 66 and on p. 3 l. 8 to l. 12) which may be used as direct dyes or, alternatively together with oxidation dye precursors.

Further preferred for a combination with a dye of formula (1) are the following oxidation dye precursors:

-   -   the developer/-coupler combination 2,4,5,6-tetraminopyrimidine         and 2-methylresorcine for assessing of red shades;     -   p-toluenediamine and 4-amino-2-hydroxytoluene for assessing of         blue-violet shades;     -   p-toluenediamine and 2-amino-4-hydroxyethylaminoanisole for         assessing of blue shades;     -   p-toluenediamine and 2,4-diamino-phenoxyethynol for assessing of         blue shades;     -   methyl-4-aminophenol and 4-amino-2-hydroxytoluene for assessing         of orange shades;     -   p-toluenediamine and resorcine for assessing of brown-green         shades;     -   p-toluenediamine and 1-naphthol for assessing of blue-violet         shades, or     -   p-toluenediamine and 2-methylresorcine for assessing of         brown-gold shades.

Furthermore, autooxidizable compounds may be used in combination with the dyes of formula (1).

Autooxidizable compounds are aromatic compounds with more than two substituents in the aromatic ring, which have a very low redox potential and will therefore be oxidized when exposed to the air. The dyeings obtained with these compounds are very stable and resistant to shampoo.

Autooxidizable compounds are for example benzene, indol, or indoline, especially 5,6-dihydroxyindol or 5,6-dihydroxyindoline derivatives as described in WO 99/20234, especially on p. 26, l. 10 to p. 28, l. 15, or in WO 00/28957 on p. 2, third paragraph.

Preferred autooxidizable benzene derivatives are 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene, 1-methyl-2,4,5-trihydroxybenzene, 2,4-diamino-6-methylphenol, 2-amino-4-methylaminophenol, 2,5-diamino-4-methyl-phenol, 2,6-diamino-4-diethylaminophenol, 2,6-diamino-1,4-dihydroxybenzene, and the salts of these compounds, which are accessible with acid.

Preferred autooxidizable indol derivatives are 5,6-dihydroxyindol, 2-methyl-5,6-dihydroxyindol, 3-methyl-5,6-dihydroxyindole, 1-methyl-5,6-dihydroxyindol, 2,3-dimethyl-5,6-dihydroxyindol, 5-methoxy-6-dihydroxyindol, 5-acetoxy-6-hydroxyindol, 5,6-diacetoxyindol, acid of 5,6-dihydroxyindol-2-carbonacid, and the salts of these compounds, which are accessible with acid.

The dyes of formula (1) may also be used in combination with naturally occurring dyes, such ashenna red, henna neutral, henna black, chamomile blossom, sandalwood, black tea, Rhamnus frangula bark, sage, campeche wood, madder root, catechu, sedre and alkanet root. Such dyeings are described, for example, in EP-A-404 868, especially on p. 3, l. 55 to p. 4, l. 9.

Furthermore, the dyes of formula (1) may also be used in combination with capped diazotised compounds.

Suitable diazotised compounds are for example the compounds of formulae (1)-(4) in WO 2004/019897 (bridging gages 1 and 2) and the corresponding watersoluble coupling components (I)-(IV) as disclosed in the same reference on p. 3 to

Further preferred dyes or dye combinations which are useful for the combination with a dye of formula (1) according to the present invention are described in

-   (DC-01): WO 95/01772, wherein mixtures of at least two cationic dyes     are disclosed, especially p. 2, l. 7 to p. 4, l. 1, preferably p.     4, l. 35 to p. 8, l. 21; formulations p. 11, last §-p. 28, l. 19; -   (DC-02): U.S. Pat. No. 6,843,256, wherein cationic dyes are     disclosed, especially the compounds of formulae (1), (2), (3)     and (4) (col. 1, l. 27-col. 3, l. 20, and preferably the compounds     as prepared in the examples 1 to 4 (col. 10, l. 42 to col. 13, l.     37; formulations col. 13, l. 38 to col. 15, l. 8; -   (DC-03): EP 970 685, wherein direct dyes are described,     especially p. 2, l. 44 to p. 9, l. 56 and preferably p. 9, l. 58     to p. 48, l. 12; processes for dyeing of keratin-containing fibers     especially p. 50, l. 15 to 43; formulations p. 50, l. 46 to p.     51, l. 40; -   (DC-04): DE-A-19 713 698, wherein direct dyes are described,     especially p. 2, l. 61 to p. 3, l. 43; formulations p. 5, l. 26 to     60; -   (DC-05): U.S. Pat. No. 6,368,360, wherein directed dyes (col. 4, l.     1 to col. 6, l. 31) and oxidizing agents (col. 6, l. 37-39) are     disclosed; formulations col. 7, l. 47 to col. 9, l. 4; -   (DC-06): EP 1 166 752, wherein cationic dyes (p. 3, l. 22-p.     4, l. 15) and anionic UV-absorbers (p. 4, l. 27-30) are disclosed;     formulations p. 7, l. 50-p. 9, l. 56; -   (DC-07): EP 998,908, wherein oxidation dyeings comprising a cationic     direct dye and pyrazolo-[1,5-a]-pyrimidines (p. 2, l. 48-p. 4, l. 1)     are disclosed; dyeing formulations p. 47, l. 25 to p. 50, l. 29; -   (DC-08): FR-2788432, wherein combinations of cationic dyes with     Arianors are disclosed, especially p. 53, l. 1 to p. 63, l. 23, more     especially p. 51 to 52, most especially Basic Brown 17, Basic brown     16, Basic Red 76 and Basic Red 118, and/or at least one Basic Yellow     57, and/or at least one Basic Blue 99; or combinations of arianoren     and/or oxidative dyes, especially p. 2, l. 16 to p. 3, l. 16; dyeing     formulations on p. 53, l. 1 to p. 63, l. 23; -   (DC-09): DE-A-19 713 698, wherein the combinations of direct dyes     and permanent-wave fixing comprising an oxidation agent, an     oxidation dye and a direct dye are disclosed; especially p. 4, l. 65     to p. 5, l. 59; -   (DC-10): EP 850 638, wherein developer compounds and oxidizing     agents are disclosed; especially p. 2, l. 27 to p. 7, l. 46 and     preferably p. 7, l. 20 to p. 9, l. 26; dyeing formulations p. 2, l.     3-12 and l. 30 to p. 14, and p. 28, l. 35-p. 30, l. 20;     preferably p. 30, l. 25-p. 32, l. 30; -   (DC-11): U.S. Pat. No. 6,190,421 wherein extemporaneous mixtures of     a composition (A) containing one or more oxidation dye precursors     and optionally one or more couplers, of a composition (B), in powder     form, containing one or more direct dyes (col. 5, l. 40-col. 7, l.     14), optionally dispersed in an organic pulverulent excipient and/or     a mineral pulverulent excipient, and a composition (C) containing     one or more oxidizing agents are disclosed; formulations col. 8, l.     60-col. 9, l. 56; -   (DC-12): U.S. Pat. No. 6,228,129, wherein a ready-to-use composition     comprising at least one oxidation base, at least one cationic direct     dye and at least one enzyme of the 2-electron oxidoreductase type in     the presence of at least one donor for the said enzyme are     disclosed; especially col. 8, l. 17-col. 13, l. 65; dyeing     formulations in col. 2, l. 16 to col. 25, l. 55, a multi-compartment     dyeing device is described in col. 26, l. 13-24; -   (DC-13): WO 99/20235, wherein compositions of at least one cationic     dye and at least one nitrated benzene dye with cationic direct dyes     and nitro benzene direct dyes are described; on p. 2, l. 1 to p.     7, l. 9, and p. 39, l. 1 to p. 40 l. 11, preferably p. 8, l. 12     to p. 25 l. 6, p. 26, l. 7 top. 30, l. 15; p. 1, l. 25 top. 8, l.     5, p. 30, l. 17 to p. 34 l. 25, p. 8, l. 12 to p. 25 l. 6, p. 35, l.     21 to 27, especially on p. 36, l. 1 to p. 37; -   (DC-14): WO 99/20234, wherein compositions comprising at least one     direct cationic dye and at least one autooxidisable dye, especially     benzene, indol and indoline derivatives are described, preferably     direct dyes on p. 2, l. 19 to p. 26, l. 4, and autooxidisable dyes     as disclosed especially on p. 26, l. 10 to p. 28, l. 15; dyeing     formulations especially on p. 34, l. 5 to p. 35, li 18; -   (DC-15): EP 850 636, wherein oxidation dyeing compositions     comprising at least one direct dye and at least one meta-aminophenol     derivative as coupler component and at least one developer compound     and an oxidizing agent are disclosed, especially p. 5, l. 41 to p.     7, l. 52, dyeing formulations p. 19, l. 50-p. 22, l. 12; -   (DC-16): EP-A-850 637, wherein oxidation dyeing compositions     comprising at least one oxidation base selected from     para-phenylenediamines and bis(phenyl)alkylenediamines, and the     acid-addition salts thereof, at least one coupler selected from     meta-diphenols, and the acid-addition salts thereof, at least one     cationic direct dye, and at least one oxidizing agent are disclosed,     especially p. 6, l. 50 to p. 8, l. 44 are disclosed; dyeing     formulations p. 21, l. 30-p. 22, l. 57; -   (DC-17): WO 99/48856, wherein oxidation dyeing compositions     comprising cationic couplers are disclosed, especially p. 9, l.     16-p. 13, l. 8, and p. 11, l. 20-p. 12, l. 13; dyeing     formulations p. 36, l. 7-p. 39, l. 24; -   (DC-18): DE 197 172 24, wherein dyeing agents comprising unsaturated     aldehydes and coupler compounds and primary and secondary amino     group compounds, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, amino     acids, oligopeptides, aromatic hydroxy compounds, and/or at least     one CH-active compound are disclosed p. 3, l. 42-p. 5 l. 25; dyeing     formulations p. 8, l. 25-p. 9, l. 61.

In the dye combinations disclosed in the references (DC-01-DC-18) above, the dyes of formula (1) according to the present invention may be added to the dye combinations or dyeing formulations or at least one of the dyes disclosed in these references may be replaced with at least one dye of formula (1).

The present invention also relates to formulations, which are used for the dyeing of organic materials, preferably keratin-containing fibers, and most preferably human hair, comprising at least one dye of formula (1).

The present invention also relates to formulations, which are used for the dyeing of organic materials, preferably keratin-containing fibers, and most preferably human hair, comprising at least

-   (a) 0.001 to 5, preferably 0.005 to 4, more particularly 0.2 to 3%     b.w. of at least one dye of formula (1); -   (b) 1 to 40, preferably 5 to 30% b.w. of a solvent; and -   (c) 0.01 to 20% b.w. of an adjuvant.

The formulations may be applied on the keratin-containing fiber, preferably the human hair in different technical forms.

Technical forms of formulations are for example a solution, especially a thickened aqueous or aqueous alcoholic solution, a cream, foam, shampoo, powder, a gel, or an emulsion.

Customary the dyeing compositions are applied to the keratin-containing fiber in an amount of 50 to 100 g.

The dyeing compositions of the present invention are applied on the hair in a temperature range of 25 to 200, preferably 18 to 80, and most preferably from 20 to 40° C.

Preferred forms of formulations are ready-to-use compositions or multi-compartment dyeing devices or ‘kits’ or any of the multi-compartment packaging systems with compartments as described for example in U.S. Pat. No. 6,190,421, col 2, l. 16 to 31.

The pH value of the ready-to-use dyeing compositions is usually from 2 to 11, preferably from 5 to 10.

Preferably the dyeing compositions, which are not stable to reduction, are prepared with oxidizing agent free compositions just before the dyeing process.

One preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to the formulation of dyes, wherein the dyes of formula (1) are in powder form.

Powder formulations are preferably used if stability and/or solubility problems as for example described in DE 197 13 698, p. 2, l. 26 to 54 and p. 3, l. 51 to p. 4, l. 25, and p. 4, l. 41 to p. 5 l. 59.

Suitable cosmetic hair-care formulations are hair-treatment preparations, e.g. hair-washing preparations in the form of shampoos and conditioners, hair-care preparations, e.g. pre-treatment preparations or leave-on products such as sprays, creams, gels, lotions, mousses and oils, hair tonics, styling creams, styling gels, pomades, hair rinses, treatment packs, intensive hair treatments, hair-structuring preparations, e.g. hair-waving preparations for permanent waves (hot wave, mild wave, cold wave), hair-straightening preparations, liquid hair-setting preparations, hair foams, hairsprays, bleaching preparations, e.g. hydrogen peroxide solutions, lightening shampoos, bleaching creams, bleaching powders, bleaching pastes or oils, temporary, semi-permanent or permanent hair colorants, preparations containing self-oxidizing dyes, or natural hair colorants, such as henna or chamomile.

For use on human hair, the dyeing compositions of the present invention can usually be incorporated into an aqueous cosmetic carrier. Suitable aqueous cosmetic carriers include, for example W/O, O/W, O/W/O, W/O/W or PIT emulsions and all kinds of microemulsions, creams, sprays, emulsions, gels, powders and also surfactant-containing foaming solutions, e.g. shampoos or other preparations, that are suitable for use on keratin-containing fibers. Such forms of use are described in detail in Research Disclosure 42448 (August 1999). If necessary, it is also possible to incorporate the dyeing compositions into anhydrous carriers, as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,369,970, especially col 1, l. 70 to col 3, l. 55. The dyeing compositions according to the invention are also excellently suitable for the dyeing method described in DE-A-3 829 870 using a dyeing comb or a dyeing brush.

The constituents of the aqueous carrier are present in the dyeing compositions of the present invention in the customary amounts, for example emulsifiers may be present in the dyeing compositions in concentrations of from 0.5 to 30% b.w. and thickeners in concentrations of from 0.1 to 25% b.w. of the total dyeing composition.

Further carriers for dying compositions are for example described in “Dermatology”, edited by Ch. Culnan, H. Maibach, Verlag Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, Basle, 1986, Vol. 7, Ch. Zviak, The Science of Hair Care, chapter 7, p. 248-250, especially on p. 243, l. 1 to p. 244, l. 12.

A shampoo has, for example, the following composition:

0.01 to 5% b.w. of a dye of formula (1);

8% b.w of disodium PEG-5 laurylcitrate Sulfosuccinate, Sodium Laureth Sulfate;

20% b.w. of sodium cocoamphoacetate;

0.5% b.w. of methoxy PEG/PPG-7/3 aminopropyl dimethicone;

0.3% b.w. of hydroxypropyl guar hydroxypropytrimonium chloride;

2.5% b.w. of PEG-200 hydrogenated glyceryl pal mate; PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate;

0.5% b.w. of PEG-150 distearate;

2.2% b.w of citric acid;

perfume, preservatives; and

water ad 100%.

The dyes of formula (1) may be stored in a liquid to paste-like preparation (aqueous or non-aqueous) or in the form of a dry powder.

When the dyes and adjuvants are stored together in a liquid preparation, the preparation should be substantially anhydrous in order to reduce reaction of the compounds.

The dyeing compositions according to the invention may comprise any active ingredients, additives or adjuvants known for such preparations, like surfactants, solvents, bases, acids, perfumes, polymeric adjuvants, thickeners and light stabilisers.

The following adjuvants are preferably used in the hair dyeing compositions of the present invention:

-   -   non-ionic polymers, for example vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acrylate         copolymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone and vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl         acetate copolymers and polysiloxanes;     -   cationic polymers, such as quaternised cellulose ethers,         polysiloxanes having quaternary groups, dimethyldiallylammonium         chloride polymers, copolymers of dimethyldiallylammonium         chloride and acrylic acid, as available commercially under the         name Merquat® 280 and the use thereof in hair dyeing as         described, for example, in DE-A-4 421 031, especially p. 2, l.         20 to 49, or EP-A-953 334;     -   acrylamide/dimethyldiallylammonium chloride copolymers,         diethyl-sulfate-quaternised dimethylaminoethyl         methacrylate/vinylpyrrolidone copolymers,         vinylpyrrolidone/imidazolinium methochloride copolymers;     -   quaternised polyvinyl alcohol:     -   zwitterionic and amphoteric polymers, such as         acrylamido-propyltrimethylammonium chloride/acrylate copolymers         and octylacrylamide/methyl methacrylate/tert-butylaminoethyl         methacrylate/2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate copolymers;     -   anionic polymers, such as, for example, polyacrylic acids,         crosslinked polyacrylic acids, vinyl acetate/crotonic acid         copolymers, vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acrylate copolymers, vinyl         acetate/butyl maleate/isobornyl acrylate copolymers, methyl         vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymers and acrylic acid/ethyl         acrylate/N-tert-butyl acrylamide terpolymers;     -   thickeners, such as agar, guar gum, alginates, xanthan gum, gum         arabic, karaya gum, locust bean flour, linseed gums, dextrans,         cellulose derivatives, e.g. methyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl         cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose, starch fractions and         derivatives, such amylose, amylopectin and dextrins, clays, e.g.         bentonite or fully synthetic hydrocolloids such as, for example,         polyvinyl alcohol;     -   structuring agents, such as glucose and maleic acid;     -   hair-conditioning compounds, such as phospholipids, for example         soya lecithin, egg lecithin, cephalins, silicone oils, and         conditioning compounds, such as those described in DE-A-19 729         080, especially p. 2, l. 20 to 49, EP-A-834 303, especially p.         2, l., 18-p. 3, l. 2, or EP-A-312 343, especially p. 2, l. 59-p.         3, l. 11;     -   protein hydrolysates, especially elastin, collagen, keratin,         milk protein, soya protein and wheat protein hydrolysates,         condensation products thereof with fatty acids and also         quaternised protein hydrolysates;     -   perfume oils, dimethyl isosorbitol and cyclodextrins,     -   solubilisers, such as ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol,         propylene glycol, glycerol and diethylene glycol,     -   anti-dandruff active ingredients, such as piroctones, olamines         and zinc Omadine,     -   substances for adjusting the pH value;     -   panthenol, pantothenic acid, allantoin, pyrrolidonecarboxylic         acids and salts thereof, plant extracts and vitamins;     -   cholesterol;     -   light stabilisers and UV absorbers as listed in Table below:

TABLE 1 UV absorbers which may be used in the dyeing compositions of the present invention No. Chemical Name CAS No. 1 (+/−)-1,7,7-trimethyl-3-[(4-methylphenyl)methylene]bicyclo- 36861-47-9 [2.2.1]heptan-2-one 2 1,7,7-trimethyl-3-(phenylmethylene)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one 15087-24-8 3 (2-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)(4-methylphenyl)methanone 1641-17-4 4 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone 131-56-6 5 2,2′,4,4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenone 131-55-5 6 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone; 131-57-7 7 2,2′-dihydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxybenzophenone 131-54-4 8 2,2′-Dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone 131-53-3 9 1-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,3- 70356-09-1 dione 10 3,3,5-Trimethyl cyclohexyl-2-hydroxy benzoate 118-56-9 11 Isopentyl p-methoxycinnamate 71617-10-2 12 Menthyl-o-aminobenzoate 134-09-8 13 Menthyl salicylate 89-46-3 14 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano,3,3-diphenylacrylate 6197-30-4 15 2-ethylhexyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate 21245-02-3 16 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate 5466-77-3 17 2-ethylhexyl salicylate 118-60-5 18 Benzoic acid, 4,4′,4″-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyltriimino)tris-,tris(2- 88122-99-0 ethylhexyl)ester; 2,4,6-Trianilino-(p-carbo-2′-ethylhexyl-1′-oxi)- 1,3,5-triazine 19 Benzoic acid, 4-amino-, ethyl ester, polymer with oxirane 113010-52-9 20 2-Propenamide, N-[[4-[(4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2- 147897-12-9 ylidene)methyl]phenyl]methyl]-, homopolymer 21 Triethanolamine salicylate 2174-16-5 22 2,2′-Methylene-bis-[6-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethyl- 103597-45-1 butyl)-phenol] 23 2,4-bis{[4-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-2-hydroxy]-phenyl}-6-(4- 187393-00-6 methoxyphenyl)-(1,3,5)-triazine (Tinosorb S) 24 Benzoic acid, 4,4′-[[6-[[4-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]- 154702-15-5 phenyl]amino]1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl]diimino]bis-, bis(2-ethylhexyl)- ester 25 Phenol, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methyl-6-[2-methyl-3-[1,3,3,3- 155633-54-8 tetramethyl-1-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]disiloxanyl]propyl]- 26 Dimethicodiethylbezalmalonate 207574-74-1 27 Benzoic acid, 2-[4-(diethylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoyl]-, hexyl ester 302776-68-7 28 1,3,5-Triazine, 2,4,6-tris(4-methoxyphenyl)- 7753-12-0 29 1,3,5-Triazine, 2,4,6-tris[4-[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]phenyl]- 208114-14-1 30 2-Propenoic acid, 3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)- 104-98-3 31 Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, [4-(1-methylethyl)phenyl]methyl ester 94134-93-7 32 1,2,3-Propanetriol, 1-(4-aminobenzoate) 136-44-7 33 Benzeneacetic acid, 3,4-dimethoxy-a-oxo- 4732-70-1 34 2-Propenoic acid, 2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl-, ethyl ester 5232-99-5 35 Anthralinic acid, p-menth-3-yl ester 134-09-8 36 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, N,N′-bis[4-[5-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-2- 288254-16-0 benzoxazolyl]phenyl]-N″-(2-ethylhexyl)- or Uvasorb K2A 37 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone-5-sulfonic acid 4065-45-6 38 Alpha-(2-oxoborn-3-ylidene)toluene-4-sulphonic acid and its salts 56039-58-8 39 Methyl N,N,N-trimethyl-4-[(4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxobicyclo[2,2,1]hept- 52793-97-2 2-ylidene)methyl]anilinium sulphate; 40 4-aminobenzoic acid 150-13-0 41 2-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole-5-sulphonic acid 27503-81-7 42 3,3′-(1,4-phenylenedimethylene)bis[7,7-dimethyl-2-oxo- 90457-82-2 bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-methanesulfonic acid] 43 1H-Benzimidazole-4,6-disulfonic acid, 2,2′-(1,4-phenylene)bis-, 180898-37-7 disodium salt 44 Benzenesulfonic acid, 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxy-5-(1- 92484-48-5 methylpropyl)-, monosodium salt 45 1-Dodecanaminium, N-[3-[[4-(dimethylamino)benzoyl]amino]- 156679-41-3 propyl]N,N-dimethyl-, salt with 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid (1:1) 46 1-Propanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-3-[(1-oxo-3-phenyl-2-propenyl)- 177190-98-6 amino]-, chloride 47 1H-Benzimidazole-4,6-disulfonic acid, 2,2′-(1,4-phenylene)bis- 170864-82-1 48 1-Propanaminium, 3-[[3-[3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethyl- 340964-15-0 ethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-1-oxopropyl]amino]-N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-, methyl sulfate (salt) 49 2,2′-bis(1,4-phenylene)-1H-benzimidazole-4,6-disulphonic acid mo- 349580-12-7, no sodium salt or Disodium phenyl dibenzimidazole tetrasulfonate or Neoheliopan AP

The use of UV absorbers can effectively protect natural and dyed hair from the damaging rays of the sun and increase the wash fastness of dyed hair.

Furthermore, the following UV absorbers or combinations may be used in the dyeing compositions according to the invention:

-   -   cationic benzotriazole UV absorbers as for example described in         WO 01/36396 especially on p. 1, l. 20 to p. 2, l. 24, and         preferred on p. 3 to 5, and on p. 26 to 37;     -   cationic benzotriazole UV in combination with antioxidants as         described in WO 01/36396, especially on p. 11, l. 14 to p. 18;     -   UV absorbers in combination with antioxidants as described in         U.S. Pat. No. 5,922,310, especially in col 2, l. 1 to 3;     -   UV absorbers in combination with antioxidants as described in         U.S. Pat. No. 4,786,493, especially in col 1, 42 to col 2, l. 7,         and preferred in col 3, 43 to col 5, l. 20;     -   combination of UV absorbers as described in U.S. Pat. No.         5,830,441, especially in col 4, l. 53 to 56;     -   combination of UV absorbers as described in WO 01/36396,         especially on p. 11, l. 9 to 13; or     -   triazine derivatives as described in WO 98/22447, especially         on p. 1, l. 23 to p. 2, l. 4, and preferred on p. 2, l. 11 to p.         3, l. 15 and most preferred on p. 6 to 7, and 12 to 16.

Suitable cosmetic preparations may usually contain from 0.05 to 40% b.w., preferably from 0.1 to 20% b.w., based on the total weight of the composition, of one or more UV absorbers;

-   -   consistency regulators, such as sugar esters, polyol esters or         polyol alkyl ethers;     -   fats and waxes, such as spermaceti, beeswax, montan wax,         paraffins, fatty alcohols and fatty acid esters;     -   fatty alkanolamides;     -   polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols having a         molecular weight of from 150 to 50 000, for example such as         those described in EP-A-801 942, especially p. 3, l. 44 to 55,     -   complexing agents, such as EDTA, NTA and phosphonic acids,     -   swelling and penetration substances, such as polyols and polyol         ethers, as listed extensively, for example, in EP-A-962 219,         especially p. 27, l. 18 to 38, for example glycerol, propylene         glycol, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, butyl glycol, benzyl         alcohol, carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, guanidines, ureas and         also primary, secondary and tertiary phosphates, imidazoles,         tannins, pyrrole;     -   opacifiers, such as latex;     -   pearlising agents, such as ethylene glycol mono- and         di-stearate;     -   propellants, such as propane-butane mixtures, N₂O, dimethyl         ether, CO₂ and air;     -   antioxidants; preferably the phenolic antioxidants and hindered         nitroxyl compounds disclosed in ip.com (IPCOM #000033153D);     -   sugar-containing polymers, as described in EP-A-970 687;     -   quaternary ammonium salts, as described in WO 00/10517;     -   Bacteria inhibiting agents, like preservatives that have a         specific action against gram-positive bacteria, such as         2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxydiphenyl ether, chlorhexidine         (1,6-di(4-chlorophenyl-biguanido)hexane) or TCC         (3,4,4′-trichlorocarbanilide). A large number of aromatic         substances and ethereal oils also have antimicrobial properties.         Typical examples are the active ingredients eugenol, menthol and         thymol in clove oil, mint oil and thyme oil. A natural         deodorising agent of interest is the terpene alcohol farnesol         (3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol), which is present in         lime blossom oil. Glycerol monolaurate has also proved to be a         bacteriostatic agent. The amount of the additional         bacteria-inhibiting agents present is usually from 0.1 to 2%         b.w., based on the solids content of the preparations;

The dyeing compositions according to the present invention generally comprise at least one surfactant.

Suitable surfactants are zwitterionic or ampholytic, or more preferably anionic, non-ionic and/or cationic surfactants.

Suitable anionic surfactants in the dyeing compositions according to the present invention include all anionic surface-active substances that are suitable for use on the human body. Such substances are characterised by an anionic group that imparts water solubility, for example a carboxylate, sulfate, sulfonate or phosphate group, and a lipophilic alkyl group having approximately 10 to 22 carbon atoms. In addition, glycol or polyglycol ether groups, ester, ether and amide groups and also hydroxy groups may be present in the molecule. The following are examples of suitable anionic surfactants, each in the form of sodium, potassium or ammonium salts or mono-, di- or tri-alkanolammonium salts having 2 or 3 carbon atoms in the alkanol group:

-   -   linear fatty acids having 10 to 22 carbon atoms (soaps),     -   ether carboxylic acids of formula R—O—(CH₂—CH₂—O)_(x)—CH₂—COOH,         in which R is a linear alkyl group having 10 to 22 carbon atoms         and x=0 or from 1 to 16,     -   acyl sarcosides having 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the acyl group,     -   acyl taurides having 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the acyl group,     -   acyl isothionates having 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the acyl         group,     -   sulfosuccinic mono- and di-alkyl esters having 8 to 18 carbon         atoms in the alkyl group and sulfosuccinic monoalkylpolyoxyethyl         esters having 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and from 1         to 6 oxyethyl groups,     -   linear alkane sulfonates having 12 to 18 carbon atoms,     -   linear α-olefin sulfonates having 12 to 18 carbon atoms,     -   α-sulfo fatty acid methyl esters of fatty acids having 12 to 18         carbon atoms,     -   alkyl sulfates and alkyl polyglycol ether sulfates of formula         R′—O(CH₂—CH₂—O)_(x′)—SO₃H, in which R′ is a preferably linear         alkyl group having 10 to 18 carbon atoms and x′=0 or from 1 to         12,     -   mixtures of surface-active hydroxysulfonates according to DE-A-3         725 030;     -   sulfated hydroxyalkylpolyethylene and/or         hydroxyalkylenepropylene glycol ethers according to DE-A-3 723         354, especially p. 4, l. 42 to 62,     -   sulfonates of unsaturated fatty acids having 12 to 24 carbon         atoms and 1 to 6 double bonds according to DE-A-3 926 344,         especially p. 2, l. 36 to 54,     -   esters of tartaric acid and citric acid with alcohols which are         addition products of approximately from 2 to 15 molecules of         ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with fatty alcohols having         from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, or     -   anionic surfactants, as described in WO 00/10518, especially p.         45, l. 11 to p. 48, l. 3.

Preferred anionic surfactants are alkyl sulfates, alkyl polyglycol ether sulfates and ether carboxylic acids having 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and up to 12 glycol ether groups in the molecule, and also especially salts of saturated and especially unsaturated C₈-C₂₂carboxylic acids, such as oleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid and palmitic acid.

Surface-active compounds that carry at least one quaternary ammonium group and at least one —COO⁻ or —SO₃ ⁻ group in the molecule are terminated zwitterionic surfactants. Preference is given the so-called betaines, such as the N-alkylN,N-dimethylammonium glycinates, for example cocoalkyldimethylammonium glycinate, N-acylaminopropyl-N,N-dimethylammonium glycinates, for example cocoacylaminopropyldimethylammonium glycinate, and 2-alkyl-3-carboxymethyl-3-hydroxyethylimidazoline having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl or acyl group and also cocoacylaminoethylhydroxyethylcarboxymethyl glycinate. A preferred zwitterionic surfactant is the fatty acid amide derivative known by the CTFA name cocoamidopropyl betaine.

Ampholytic surfactants are surface-active compounds that, in addition to a C₈-C₁₈-alkyl or -acyl group and contain at least one free amino group and at least one —COOH or —SO₃H group in the molecule and are capable of forming internal salts. Examples of suitable ampholytic surfactants include N-alkylglycines, N-alkylpropionic acids, N-alkylaminobutyric acids, N-alkyliminodipropionic acids, N-hydroxyethyl-N-alkylamidopropylglycines, N-alkyltaurines, N-alkylsarcosines, 2-alkylaminopropionic acids and alkylaminoacetic acids, each having approximately from 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group. Ampholytic surfactants to which special preference is given are N-cocoalkylaminopropionate, cocoacylaminoethylaminopropionate and C₁₂-C₁₈acylsarcosine.

Suitable non-ionic surfactants are described in WO 00/10519, especially p. 45, l. 11 to p. 50, l. 12. Non-ionic surfactants contain as hydrophilic group, for example, a polyol group, a polyalkylene glycol ether group or a combination of polyol and polyglycol ether groups. Such compounds are, for example:

-   -   addition products of 2 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide and/or 0 to 5         mol of propylene oxide with linear fatty alcohols having 8 to 22         carbon atoms, with fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms and         with alkylphenols having 8 to 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl         group,     -   C₁₂-C₂₂ fatty acid mono- and di-esters of addition products of 1         to 30 mol of ethylene oxide with glycerol,     -   C₈-C₂₂alkyl-mono- and -oligo-glycosides and ethoxylated         analogues thereof,     -   addition products of 5 to 60 mol of ethylene oxide with castor         oil and hydrogenated castor oil,     -   addition products of ethylene oxide with sorbitan fatty acid         esters,     -   addition products of ethylene oxide with fatty acid         alkanolamides.

The surfactants which are addition products of ethylene and/or propylene oxide with fatty alcohols or derivatives of such addition products may either be products having a “normal” homologue distribution or products having a restricted homologue distribution. “Normal” homologue distribution are mixtures of homologues obtained in the reaction of fatty alcohol and alkylene oxide using alkali metals, alkali metal hydroxides or alkali metal alcoholates as catalysts. Restricted homologue distributions, on the other hand, are obtained when, for example, hydrotalcites, alkali metal salts of ether carboxylic acids, alkali metal oxides, hydroxides or alcoholates are used as catalysts.

The use of products having restricted homologue distribution may be preferred.

Examples of cationic surfactants that can be used in the dyeing compositions according to the invention are especially quaternary ammonium compounds. Preference is given to ammonium halides, such as alkyltrimethylammonium chlorides, dialkyldimethylammonium chlorides and trialkylmethylammonium chlorides, for example cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, stearyltrimethylammonium chloride, distearyidimethy-lammonium chloride, lauryidimethylammonium chloride, lauryidimethylbenzylammonium chloride and tricetylmethylammonium chloride. Further cationic surfactants that can be used in accordance with the invention are quaternised protein hydrolysates.

Also suitable are cationic silicone oils, such as, for example, the commercially available products Q2-7224 (manufacturer: Dow Corning; a stabilised trimethylsilylamodimethicone), Dow Corning 929 emulsion (comprising a hydroxylamino-modified silicone, which is also referred to as amodimethicone), SM-2059 (manufacturer: General Electric), SLM-55067 (manufacturer: Wacker) and also Abil®-Quat 3270 and 3272 (manufacturer: Th. Goldschmidt; diquaternary polydimethylsiloxanes, quaternium-80), or silicones, as described in WO 00/12057, especially p. 45, l. 9 to p. 55, l. 2.

Alkylamidoamines, especially fatty acid amidoamines, such as the stearylamidopropyldimethylamine obtainable under the name Tego Amid® 18 are also preferred as surfactants in the present dyeing compositions. They are distinguished not only by a good conditioning action but also especially by their good biodegradability.

Quaternary ester compounds, so-called “esterquats”, such as the methyl hydroxyalkyldialkoyloxyalkylammonium methosulfates marketed under the trademark Stepantex®, are also very readily biodegradable.

An example of a quaternary sugar derivative that can be used as cationic surfactant is the commercial product Glucquat®100, according to CTFA nomenclature a “lauryl methyl gluceth-10 hydroxypropyl dimonium chloride”.

The alkyl-group-containing compounds used as surfactants may be single substances, but the use of natural raw materials of vegetable or animal origin is generally preferred in the preparation of such substances, with the result that the substance mixtures obtained have different alkyl chain lengths according to the particular starting material used.

The dyes of formula (1) are suitable for the dyeing of organic material, preferably keratin-containing fibers.

A further preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a method of treating keratin-containing fibers with sulfide dyes of formula (1).

The method comprises treating the hair in the presence of a reducing agent.

Preferred reducing agents are for example thioglycolic acid or salts thereof, gycerine monothioglycolate, cysteine, homocysteine, 2-mercaptopropionic acid, 2-mercaptoethylamine, thiolactic acid and the salts thereof, thioglycerine, sodium sulfite, dithionithe, ammonium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, hydrochinon or phosphites.

In addition, the present invention relates to a method of

-   a. treating the keratin-containing fibers with a compound of formula     (1), -   b. wearing the coloured hair for the desired period of time, -   c. removing the colour applied in step a) from hair by contacting     the hair with an aqueous based colour removal composition containing     a reduction agent capable of disrupting the —S—S-bonds between the     dye molecule and the hair fiber surface to cause the dye molecule to     become disassociated from the hair fiber.

Further, the present invention relates to a process, comprising treating the hair with

-   a) a reduction agent, and -   b) at least one single sulfide dye of formula (1) as defined above,     and optionally -   c) with an oxidizing agent.

The sequence of the reaction steps is generally not important; the reduction agent can be applied first or in a final step.

Preferred is a process, which comprises treating the hair

-   a₁) with at least one single dye of formula (1), and -   b₁) then with a reduction agent; or -   a process, which comprises treating the hair -   a₂) with a reduction agent and -   b₂) then with at least one single sulfide dye of formula (1) as     defined above.

In the present invention preferred is further a process, which comprises contacting hair

-   a) with a reduction agent, -   b) then with at least one dye of formula (1), and -   c) then with an oxidizing agent.

A further process of the present invention comprises treating the hair

-   a) with at least one single dye of formula (1), -   b) then with a reduction agent, and -   c) then with an oxidizing agent.

Usually, the oxidizing agent is applied together with an acid or a base.

The acid is for example citric acid, phosphoric acid or tartrate acid.

The base is for example sodium hydroxide, ammonia or monoethanolamine.

Usually, the dyeing compositions are applied to the keratin-containing fiber in an amount of from 50 to 100 g.

The dyes of formula (1) are suitable for all-over dyeing of the hair, that is to say when dyeing the hair on a first occasion, and also for re-dyeing subsequently, or dyeing of locks or parts of the hair.

The dyes of formula (1) are applied on the hair for example by massage with the hand, a comb, a brush, or a bottle, or a bottle, which is combined with a comb or a nozzle.

In the processes for dyeing according to the invention, whether or not dyeing is to be carried out in the presence of a further dye will depend upon the desired color shade.

Further preferred is a process for dyeing keratin-containing fibers which comprises treating the keratin-containing fiber with at least one dye of formula (1), a base and an oxidizing agent.

The oxidation dyeing process usually involves lightening, that is to say that it involves applying to the keratin-containing fibers, at basic pH, a mixture of bases and aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, leaving the applied mixture to stand on the hair and then rinsing the hair. It allows, particularly in the case of hair dyeing, the melanin to be lightened and the hair to be dyed.

Lightening the melanin has the advantageous effect of creating a unified dyeing in the case of grey hair, and, in the case of naturally pigmented hair, of bringing out the color, that is to say of making it more visible.

In general, the oxidizing agent containing composition is left on the fiber for 0 to 15 minutes, in particular for 0 to 5 minutes at 15 to 45° C., usually in amounts of 30 to 200 g.

Oxidizing agents are for example persulfate or dilute hydrogen peroxide solutions, hydrogen peroxide emulsions or hydrogen peroxide gels, alkaline earth metal peroxides, organic peroxides, such as urea peroxides, melamine peroxides, or alkalimetalbromat fixations are also applicable if a shading powder on the basis of semi-permanent, direct hair dyes is used.

Further preferred oxidizing agents are

-   -   oxidizing agents to achieve lightened coloration, as described         in WO 97/20545, especially p. 9, l. 5 to 9,     -   oxidizing agents in the form of permanent-wave fixing solution,         as described in DE-A-19 713 698, especially p. 4, l. 52 to 55,         and l. 60 and 61 or EP-A-1062940, especially p. 6, l. 41 to 47         (and in the equivalent WO 99/40895).

Most preferred oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide, preferably used in a concentration from about 2 to 30%, more preferably about 3 to 20% by, and most preferably from 6 to 12% b.w. the corresponding composition.

The oxidizing agents may be present in the dyeing compositions according to the invention preferably in an amount from 0.01% to 6%, especially from 0.01% to 1%, based on the total dyeing composition.

In general, the dyeing with an oxidative agent is carried out in the presence of a base, for example ammonia, alkali metal carbonates, earth metal (potassium or lithium) carbonates, alkanol amines, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine, alkali metal (sodium) hydroxides, earth metal hydroxides or compounds of the formula

R is a propylene residue, which may be substituted with OH or C₁-C₄alkyl, R₃, R₄, R₅ and R₆ are independently or dependently from each other hydrogen, C₁-C₄alkyl or hydroxy-(C₁-C₄)alkyl.

The pH-value of the oxidizing agent containing composition is usually about 2 to 7, and in particular about 2 to 5.

One preferred method of applying formulations comprising the dyes of formula (1) on the keratin-containing fiber, preferably the hair is by using a multi-compartment dyeing device or “kit” or any other multi-compartment packaging system, as described for example in WO 97/20545 on p. 4, l. 19 to l. 27.

The first compartment contains for example at least one dye of formula (1) and optionally further direct dyes and a basifying agent, and in the second compartment an oxidizing agent; or in the first compartment at least one dye of formula (1) and optionally further direct dyes, in the second compartment a basifying agent and in the third compartment an oxidizing agent.

Generally the hair is rinsed after treatment with the dyeing solution and/or permanent-wave solution.

A further preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a method of dyeing hair with oxidative dyes, which comprises

-   a. mixing at least one dye of formula (1) and optionally at least     one coupler compound and at least one developer compound, and an     oxidizing agent, which optionally contains at least one further dye,     and -   b. contacting the keratin-containing fibers with the mixture as     prepared in step a.

The pH-value of the oxidizing agent free composition is usually from 3 to 11, and in particular from 5 to 10, and most particular about 9 to 10.

Preferably, a ready-to-use composition is prepared according to a first preferred embodiment by a process which comprises a preliminary step which involves separately storing, on the one hand, a composition (A) comprising, in a medium which is suitable for dyeing, at least one developer compound, especially selected from para-phenylenediamines and bis(phenyl)alkylenediamines, and the acid-addition salts thereof, at least one coupler, especially selected from meta-phenylenediamines and the acid-addition salts thereof, and at least one dye of formula (1), on the other hand, a composition (B) containing, in a medium which is suitable for dyeing, at least one oxidizing agent and mixing (A) and (B) together immediately before applying this mixture to the keratin-containing fibers.

According to a second preferred embodiment for the preparation of the ready-to-use dye composition, the process includes a preliminary step which involves separately storing, on the one hand, a composition (A) comprising, in a medium which is suitable for dyeing, at least one developer compound, especially selected from para-phenylenediamines and bis(phenyl)alkylenediamines, and the acid-addition salts thereof, at least one coupler compound, especially selected from meta-phenylenediamines and the acid-addition salts thereof; on the other hand, a composition (A′) comprising, in a medium which is suitable for dyeing, at least one dye of formula (1), and, finally, a composition (B) containing, in a medium which is suitable for dyeing, at least one oxidizing agent as defined above, and mixing them together at the time of use immediately before applying this mixture to the keratin-containing fibers.

The composition (A′) used according to this second embodiment may optionally be in powder form, the dye(s) of formula (1) (themselves) constituting, in this case, all of the composition (A′) or optionally being dispersed in an organic and/or inorganic pulverulent excipient.

When present in the composition A′, the organic excipient may be of synthetic or natural origin and is selected in particular from crosslinked and non-crosslinked synthetic polymers, polysaccharides such as celluloses and modified or unmodified starches, as well as natural products such as sawdust and plant gums (guar gum, carob gum, xanthan gum, etc.).

When present in the composition (A′), the inorganic excipient may contain metal oxides such as titanium oxides, aluminium oxides, kaolin, talc, silicates, mica and silicas.

An very suitable excipient in the dyeing compositions according to the invention is sawdust.

The powdered composition (A′) may also contain binders or coating products in an amount which preferably does not exceed approximately 3% b.w. relative to the total weight of composition (A′). These binders are preferably selected from oils and liquid fatty substances of inorganic, synthetic, animal or plant origin.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process of dyeing of keratin-containing fibers of the dyes of formula (1) with autooxidable compounds and optionally further dyes.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process for dyeing keratin-containing fibers with the dyes of formula (1) and capped diazotised compounds, which comprises,

-   a. treating the keratin-containing fibers under alkaline conditions     with at least one capped diazotised compound and a coupler compound,     and optionally a developer compound ad optionally an oxidizing     agent, and optionally in the presence of a further dye, and     optionally with at least one dye of formula (1); and -   b. adjusting the pH in the range of 6 to 2 by treatment with an     acid, optionally in the presence of a further dye, and optionally at     least one dye of formula (1),     with the proviso that at least in one step a. or b. at least one dye     of formula (1) is present.

The capped diazotised compound and coupler compound and optionally the oxidizing agent and developer compound can be applied in any desired order successively, or simultaneously.

Preferably, the capped diazotised compound and the coupler compound are applied simultaneously, in a single composition.

“Alkaline conditions” denotes a pH in the range from 8 to 10, preferably 9-10, especially 9.5-10, which are achieved by the addition of bases, for example sodium carbonate, ammonia or sodium hydroxide.

The bases may be added to the hair, to the dye precursors, the capped diazotised compound and/or the water-soluble coupling component, or to the dyeing compositions comprising the dye precursors.

Acids are for example tartaric acid or citric acid, a citric acid gel, a suitable buffer solution with optionally an acid dye.

The ratio of the amount of alkaline dyeing composition applied in the first stage to that of acid dyeing composition applied in the second stage is preferably about from 1:3 to 3:1, especially about 1:1.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process for dyeing keratin-containing fibers with the dyes of formula (1) and at least one acid dye.

The following Examples serve to illustrate the processes for dyeing without limiting the processes thereto. Unless specified otherwise, parts and percentages relate to weight. The amounts of dye specified are relative to the material being coloured.

EXAMPLES A Preparation of New Compounds Example 1 Preparation of the Compound of Formula

2.0 g (8.1 mmol) of 4-chloro-3,5-dinitro benzoic acid are brought in 6 ml acetone. 0.092 g (8.1 mmol) of cysteamine hydrochloride dissolved in 10 ml H₂O is added to the resulting solution. The pH value of this mixture is adjusted to 9 with 10 N sodium hydroxide. The reaction solution is stirred at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. The pH value is controlled in distinct intervals by addition of 10 N sodium hydroxide and adjusted to 9.

After reaction time of 6 h the mixture is acidified with 2 N HCl and the precipitate is filtered off. The filter cake is washed with HCl (10 N) and than with distilled water.

The solid is recrystallized from water/acetone.

1.5 g of a yellow-orange solid are obtained.

Mp: 253-255° C.

Example 2 Preparation of the Compound of Formula

5.66 g (25.2 mmol) cystamine dihydrochloride are furnished in 40 ml dimethylsulfoxide.

8.46 g (100.8 mmol) sodium hydrogen carbonate are added stepwise.

Then 10.0 g (50.4 mmol) 4-fluoro-3-nitrophenylacetamide, dissolved in 100 ml dimethylsulfoxide are added dropwise at 45° C.

The reaction mixture is stirred for 7 h at 80° C. and cooled down to room temperature. The reaction mixture is placed on a water/ice mixture and adjusted to pH 3 by addition of conc. HCl.

The resultant precipitate is filtered off, washed with water for several times and dried in vacuo.

12.4 g (97%) of a red dye are obtained.

Mp: 199-201° C.

Example 3 Preparation of the Compound of Formula

5.00 g (9.8 mmol) of di 2-[4-acetamino-2-nitrophenyl]ethyl disulfide are furnished in 50 ml of 20% hydrochloric acid.

The obtained suspension is refluxed for 4 h, whereupon the color of the reaction mixture changes from red to orange.

Then the heterogenic reaction mixture is cooled down to room temperature and the pH is adjusted to 4 with 20% NaOH.

The precipitate is filtered off and washed with 10% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and then neutral with water.

3.5 g (84%) of a violet dye are obtained.

Mp.: 193-195° C.

Example 4 Preparation of the Compound of Formula

a. 20 g of 4-fluoro-3-nitrophenylacetamid, 8.48 g of potassium carbonate and 9.07 g of N,N-dimethyl-ethylenediamine are dissolved in 50 ml dimethyl sulfoxide. The reaction mixture is stirred for 3 days at 80° C. and then cooled to room temperature. The resulting suspension is poured into 300 ml of ice and filtered. The collected solid is dried in vacuo over night at 60° C. to yield 23.79 g of a red powder.

MS (ES−): m/z 265 (M-1). UV/VIS [nm] (water): λ_(max) 458

b. 34 g of the compound of formula (104a) and 30 g of the bis(toluolsulfonate) of (2-hydroxyethyl)-disulfide (RN 69981-39-1; prepared as described in Delacroix et al., Bull. Soc. Chim. France (1978), (9-10, Pt. 2), 481-4) are suspended in 80 ml of NMP and stirred for 3 days at 45° C. Then 1 l tert.-butyl methyl ether are added slowly to the reaction mixture and the resulting precipitate is collected by filtration. Then the crude product is redissolved in 200 ml ethanol and precipitated again by addition of 150 ml of tert.-butyl methyl ether. The solid is collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to yield 22.6 g of an orange powder which corresponds to the compound of formula (104).

MS (ES+): m/z 326 (M²⁺), UV/VIS [nm] (water): λ_(max) 466.

EXAMPLE B Application Examples

In the following application examples compositions within the below given definitions are used:

Solution 1 (Permanent Lotion, pH 8.2):

Aqua, Ammonium Thioglycolate, Ammonium Bicarbonate, Ethoxydiglycol, Hexylene Glycol, Thioglycolic Acid; Thiolactic Acid, PEG-60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, Glycine, Etidronic Acid, Isoceteth-20, Polysilicone-9, Styrene/PVP Copolymer, Trideceth-12, Amodimethicone, Cetrimonium Chloride, Ammonium Hydroxide, Polyquaternium-6, Isopropyl Alcohol, Alcohol denat., Simethicone, Parfum

Solution 2 (Permanent Fixation, pH 3.9):

Based on:

Aqua, Hydrogen Peroxide, Propylene Glycol, Lauryidimonium Hydroxypropyl Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein, PEG-5 Cocamide, Sodium Cocoamphoacetate, Polyquaternium-35, CocoBetaine, Acetaminophen, Phosphoric Acid, Sodium Chloride, Parfum

Solution 3 (Dyeing Solution):

0.1% of the dye is dissolved in a 10% solution of a non-ionic surfactant (Plantacare 200UP, Henkel) adjusted to pH 9.5 using citric acid or monoethanolamine.

Example B1

Solution 3 comprising 0.1% of compound of formula (104) is applied on the dry hair (two blond, two middle blond and two damaged hair strands) at room temperature and allowed to stand for 20 min. at room temperature.

Then, the strands are rinsed under tap water (Water temperature: 37° C.+/−1° C.; flow rate of water: 5-6 l/min.) and dried for 12 hours.

Washing fastness: 10× washed with shampoo.

Results: Strand Colour result Washing fastness blond Yellow/good 4 middelblond Yellow/good 4 damaged Yellow/good 3 damaged Orange/good 3

Example B2

A solution 1 (permanent lotion) is applied on shampooed hair (two blond, two middle blond, and two damaged hair strands) at room temperature and allowed to stand for 10 min.

Then the strands are rinsed under tap water (Water temperature: 37° C.+/−1° C.; flow rate of water: 5-6 l/min.) and the towel dry strands are treated with the 0.1% by weight colouring material solution comprising the compound of formula (104) to stand for 20 min and then rinsed under tap water (Water temperature: 37° C.+/−1° C.; flow rate of water: 5-6 l/min.) Then the towel dry strands are treated with the solution 2 (permanent fixation) at room temperature and allowed to stand for 10 min.

Then the strands are rinsed under tap water (Water temperature: 37° C.+/−1° C.; flow rate of water: 5-6 l/min.) and dried 12 hours at room temperature.

Washing fastness: 10× washed with shampoo.

Results: Strand Colour Washing fastness blond Yellow/good 5 middelblond Yellow/good 5 damaged Yellow/good 5 

1. Method of dyeing keratin-containing fibers comprising treating the fiber with at least one sulfide dye of formula (1)

their salts, isomers, hydrates and other solvates, wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, independently from each other are hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl or C₁-C₂₀alkoxy, which may be substituted by one or more C₁-C₅alkoxy, halogen, —NH₂, mono-C₁-C₅alkylamino, di-C₁-C₅alkylamino, —NO₂ or hydroxy; C₃-C₆cycloalkyl; —C(O)H; —C(O)—C₁-C₅alkyl; —C(O)OH; —C(O)O—C₁-C₅alkyl; halogen; NO₂; OH; SH; phenyl, which may be substituted by one or more C₁-C₅alkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, halogen, —NH₂, mono-C₁-C₅alkylamino, di-C₁-C₅alkylamino, —NO₂ or hydroxy; —NH(CO)—CH₃; or a radical of formula (1a) —NR₄R₅, wherein R₄ and R₅ independently from each other are hydrogen; C₁-C₁₂alkyl, which may be substituted by one or more C₁-C₅alkyl, C₁-C₅-alkoxy, hydroxy or —(O)—H; —(CO)H; —(CO)—C₁-C₅alkyl; —C(O)OH; —C(O)O—C₁-C₅alkyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₄alkyl, wherein the phenyl moiety may be substituted by one or more C₁-C₅alkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, halogen, —NH₂, mono-C₁-C₅alkylamino, di-C₁-C₅alkylamino, —NO₂, carboxy or hydroxy; or a radical of formula

wherein at least one of the radicals R₁, R₂ or R₃ is NO₂; Y₁ is C₁-C₁₀alkylene; C₅-C₁₀cycloalkylene; C₅-C₁₀arylene; or C₅-C₁₀arylene-(C₁-C₁₀alkylene); Z₁ is a direct bond;

or a cationic biradical of a saturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic group; Q₁ is —C(O)—; —C(O)O—; —OCO—; —N(R₆)—X₂—; —CON(R₆)—; —(R₆)NC(O)—; —O—; —S—; —S(O)—; or —S(O)₂—; X₁ and X₂ independently from each other are a direct bond; C₁-C₁₀alkylene; C₅-C₁₀cycloalkylene; C₅-C₁₀arylene; or C₅-C₁₀arylene-(C₁-C₁₀alkylene); and R₆, R₇ and R₈ independently from each other are hydrogen; C₁-C₁₄alkyl; C₂-C₁₄alkenyl; C₆-C₁₀aryl; C₆-C₁₀aryl-C₁-C₁₀alkyl; or C₁-C₁₀alkyl(C₅-C₁₀aryl); m is 1 or 2; and U is hydrogen if m is 1; or is a direct bond if m is 2; with the proviso that the method does not comprise contacting hair with an enzyme of the type of a protein disulfidisomerase (EC 5.3.4.1).
 2. Method according to claim 1, wherein Y₁ is C₁-C₁₀alkylene or C₅-C₁₀cycloalkylene.
 3. Method according to claim 1, wherein Y₁ is C₁-C₅alkylene.
 4. Method according to claim 1, wherein R₁, R₂, and R₃, independently from each other are hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; —C(O)H; —C(O)—C₁-C₅alkyl; —C(O)OH; —C(O)O—C₁-C₅alkyl; NO₂; or a radical of formula (1a) —NR₄R₅, wherein R₄ and R₅ independently from each other are hydrogen; or C₁-C₁₂alkyl, which may be substituted by one or more hydroxy; —(CO)H; —(CO)—C₁-C₅alkyl; or phenyl, which may be substituted by one or more C₁-C₅alkyl, —NH₂, mono-C₁-C₅alkylamino, di C₁-C₅alkylamino, —NO₂, carboxy or hydroxy.
 5. Method according to claim 1, wherein R₁, R₂ and, R₃, independently from each other are hydrogen; C₁-C₅alkyl; NO₂; or a radical of formula (1a) —NR₄R₅, wherein R₄ and R₅ independently from each other are hydrogen; —(CO)—H; —(CO)—C₁-C₅alkyl; —C(O)OH; or —C(O)O—C₁-C₅alkyl.
 6. Method according to claim 1, wherein R₁, R₂ and R₃, independently from each other are hydrogen; C₁-C₅alkyl; NO₂; —NH(CO)—CH₃; or —C(O)OH.
 7. Method according to claim 1 wherein Z₁ is a direct bond; or


8. Method according to claim 1 wherein m is
 2. 9. Method according to claim 1 wherein compounds of formula (1) are of formula (2)

wherein R₁, R₂ and R₃, independently from each other are hydrogen; C₁-C₅alkyl; —C(O)H; —C(O)—C₁-C₅alkyl; —C(O)OH; —C(O)O—C₁-C₅alkyl; NO₂; NH₂; or —NH(CO)—CH₃; Y₁ is C₁-C₁₀alkylene; C₅-C₁₀cycloalkylene; C₅-C₁₀arylene; or C₅-C₁₀arylene-(C₁-C₁₀alkylene); X is a direct bond: or C₁-C₅alkylene; Z₁ is a direct bond; or

and R₇ and R₈ each independently from each other are hydrogen; C₁-C₁₄alkyl; C₂-C₁₄alkenyl; C₆-C₁₀aryl; C₆-C₁₀aryl-C₁-C₁₀alkyl; or C₁-C₁₀alkyl(C₅-C₁₀aryl).
 10. Method according to claim 9, wherein in formula (2) R₁, R₂ and R₃ independently from each other are hydrogen; NO₂; NH₂; —C(O)OH; or —NH(CO)—CH₃; Y₁ is C₁-C₅alkylene; Z₁ is a direct bond; or

and R₇ and R₈ each independently from each other are hydrogen; or C₁-C₁₄alkyl.
 11. A method according to claim 1 wherein the dyeing is carried out in the presence of a reducing agent.
 12. A method according to claim 11, wherein the reducing agent is selected from thioglycolic acid or salts thereof, gycerine monothioglycolate, cysteine, homocysteine, 2-mercaptopropionic acid, 2-mercaptoethylamine, thiolactic acid or salts thereof, thioglycerine, sodium sulfite, dithionithe, ammonium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, hydrochinon and phosphites.
 13. A method according to claim 1, comprising treating the keratin-containing fiber a) optionally with a reduction agent, and b) at least one single nitrosulfide dye of formula (1), and c) optionally with an oxidizing agent.
 14. A hair dyeing composition comprising (a) 0.001 to 5% b.w. of at least one dye of formula (1) as defined in claim 1; (b) 1 to 40% b.w. of a solvent; and (c) 0.01 to 20% b.w. of an adjuvant.
 15. A composition according to claim 14 in form of a shampoo, conditioner, gel or emulsion.
 16. A composition according to claim 14 comprising at least one single dye of formula (1), and a direct dye and/or a reactive dye.
 17. Compounds of formula (1)

wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, independently from each other are hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl or C₁-C₂₀alkoxy, which may be substituted by one or more C₁-C₅alkoxy, halogen, —NH₂, mono-C₁-C₅alkylamino, di-C₁-C₅alkylamino, —NO₂ or hydroxy; C₃-C₆cycloalkyl; —C(O)H; —C(O)—C₁-C₅alkyl; —C(O)OH; —C(O)O—C₁-C₅alkyl; halogen; NO₂; OH; SH; phenyl, which may be substituted by one or more C₁-C₅alkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, halogen, —NH₂, mono-C₁-C₅alkylamino, di-C₁-C₅alkylamino, —NO₂ or hydroxy; —NH(CO)—CH₃; or a radical of formula (1a) —NR₄R₅, wherein R₄ and R₅ independently from each other are hydrogen; C₁-C₁₂alkyl, which may be substituted by one or more C₁-C₅alkyl, C₁-C₅-alkoxy, hydroxy or —(CO)—H; —(CO)H; —(CO)—C₁-C₅alkyl; —C(O)OH; —C(O)O—C₁-C₅alkyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₄alkyl, wherein the phenyl moiety may be substituted by one or more C₁-C₅alkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, halogen, —NH₂, mono-C₁-C₅alkylamino, di-C₁-C₅alkylamino, —NO₂, carboxy or hydroxy; or a radical of formula

wherein at least one of the radicals R₁, R₂ or R₃ is NO₂; Y₁ is C₁-C₁₀alkylene; C₅-C₁₀cycloalkylene; or C₅-C₁₀arylene-(C₁-C₁₀alkylene); Z₁ is a direct bond;

or a cationic biradical of a saturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic group; Q₁ is —C(O)—; —C(O)O—; —OCO—; —N(R₆)—X₂—; —CON(R₆)—; —(R₆)NC(O)—; —O—; —S—; —S(O)—; or —S(O)₂—; X₁ and X₂ independently from each other are the direct bond; C₁-C₁₀alkylene; C₅-C₁₀cycloalkylene; C₅-C₁₀arylene; or C₅-C₁₀arylene-(C₁-C₁₀alkylene); and R₆, R₇ and R₈ independently from each other are hydrogen; C₁-C₁₄alkyl; C₂-C₁₄alkenyl; C₆-C₁₀aryl; C₆-C₁₀aryl-C₁-C₁₀alkyl; or C₁-C₁₀alkyl(C₅-C₁₀aryl); m is 1 or 2; and U is hydrogen if m is 1; or is a direct bond if m is
 2. 